English 4 U

Grammar

PUNCTUATION Definitions

Capital Letters
 Worksheets 1- 5

Statements, Questions and Exclamations
Worksheets 6 - 9

Commas
Worksheets 10 - 18

Speech Marks
 Worksheets 19 - 22

Apostrophes - Contractions
 Worksheets 23 - 30

Apostrophes - Possession
 Worksheets 31 - 34

Revision
Worksheets 35 - 40

PUNCTUATION
Punctuation is a system of marks or symbols used in written text to clarify its meaning to the reader. The most commonly used punctuation marks are capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, quotation marks, apostrophes, colons, semi-colons, hyphens and parentheses (brackets).

CAPITAL LETTERS
Capital letters are used to:-
(a) Begin a sentence.
e.g. We live next to the football ground.
(b) To write the first letter of proper nouns:- the names of people, titles, towns, states, countries, streets etc.
e.g. Mrs Mary Green, South Australia, Denmark, Arthur Street
(c) Write the first letter of days of the week, months and special times of the year. e.g. Thursday, September, Easter
(d) Write the first letter of book titles, TV shows, song titles etc.
e.g. Charlie And The Chocolate Factory, Blue Heelers, Annie’s Song
(e) Write the proper pronoun “I”.
e.g. I am looking forward to the weekend.
(f) Write the first letter of companies, languages, schools etc.
e.g. Newspower Pty Ltd, French, Boat Harbour Primary School
(g) Write the first letter of the beginning word inside quotation marks. e.g. The referee shouted, “Calm down or you will be asked to leave the field.”

FULL STOPS( Periods)
Full stops are a basic and important part of punctuation. Full stops have two main functions in written text.
(a) Full stops are used to end a sentence. The use of full stops makes what someone has written easier to understand and to read fluently. e.g. Please shut the door.
(b) Full stops are used in abbreviations if the first letter and part of the word is used.
e.g. Sept. = September
Vic. = Victoria
Capt. = Captain
Cres. = Crescent
Note: Full stops are generally no longer used after contractions (abbreviations that end in the same letter as the full word).
For example: Mrs Mr Pty Ltd Qld St Rd
Full stops are generally no longer used in abbreviations that are made of more than one capital letter.
For example:
CSIRO UNESCO NSW USA RSPCA

QUESTIONS MARKS
A question mark is used at the end of a sentence that is in the form of a direct question. It is used in place of a full stop.
For example:-
Where are you going after the game?
What is the name of the new coach?
A question mark is used in direct or reported speech when a question is asked.
For example:-
‘How many oranges do you want?’ asked the greengrocer.
A question mark is not used after an indirect question. Note the difference between direct and
indirect questions.
Direct Question: Why are you doing this?
Indirect Question: Tell me why you are doing this.
A question mark is not used for a request or command in the form of a question. For example:- Will you make sure you clean up before you leave. Would you close the fridge door, please.

EXCLAMATION MARK
An exclamation mark is used to show strong feeling about a person or event being written about. That feeling might be extreme surprise, excitement, anger, indignation or disappointment.
An exclamation mark replaces the full stop at the end of a sentence.
For example:- What an exciting result! Good heavens! Yuk! Get out!
An exclamation mark is used for strong orders or commands, but not for milder instructions.
For example:-
Sit down in front you idiot! Kindly resume your seat.
An exclamation mark can be used for sentences that sound like questions but do not require an answer.
For example:-
Will you take a look at that! Isn’t that a waste of time!

COMMAS
Commas are used in sentences to make the meaning clearer by separating parts of the sentence. They also indicate to the reader to take a short pause.
Commas can be used in the following ways:-
Commas and Lists
Commas are used to separate items in a list.
For example:-
My favourite vegetables are carrots, peas, potatoes and cabbages.
My uncle has a dog, a parrot and a cat for pets.
Commas with Adjectives and Adverbs
Commas are often used when two or more consecutive adjectives or adverbs occur in a sentence.
For example:-
Peter is an intelligent, polite, cheerful boy.
The snake silently, slowly slid towards the opening in the wall.

Commas and ‘Asides’
Asides are words or phrases that add non-essential information to the meaning of a sentence.
For example:-
Speaking bluntly, I do not like your attitude.
I want you, Alana, to take a leadership role for the rest of the game.
The maxi yacht, a past winner of the event, was disqualified for not sticking to the course.

Commas Used in Direct Speech
Where direct speech is a statement, a comma is placed at the end of the quotation.
For example:-
‘I’ll see you again tomorrow,’ she said.
Where direct speech is interrupted by the words to explain who is speaking those words are enclosed by commas.
For example:-
‘I am willing,’ he replied, ‘to help in any way I can.’

SPEECH MARKS
Speech or quotation marks are used when someone’s direct speech is written down. They are not used for indirect speech. Indirect speech is when what someone has said is reported
without writing down the actual words that have been said.
For example:-
Direct Speech: ‘Our arrival time will be known soon,’ said the hostess.
Indirect Speech: The hostess said the arrival time will be known soon.
When punctuating direct speech, you have the choice between using single quotation marks (‘
….’ ) or double ( “ …. “ ). Either is acceptable, but you should stick to whichever you choose
throughout a piece of written text.
The speech marks are inserted after a comma, an exclamation mark or a question mark.
For example:-
“I am not feeling well,” complained Jennifer.
“Has it stopped snowing?” asked Caroline.
“What an incredible story!” exclaimed Bradley.

APOSTROPHES
Apostrophes are used in two main ways. They are used in contractions and to indicate possession in nouns. Apostrophes and Contractions
This is the most common use of apostrophes. A contraction is normally an abbreviation of two words, the apostrophe is used to indicate where letters have been omitted.
These are examples of commonly used contractions:-
couldn’t = could not can’t = cannot
didn’t = did not doesn’t = does not
don’t = do not shouldn’t = should not
hasn’t = has not haven’t = have not
isn’t = is not wouldn’t = would not
I’m = I am he’s = he is
she’s = she is there’s = there is
that’s = that is who’s = who is
you’re = you are they’re = they are
we’re = we are I’ll = I will, shall
you’ll = you will, shall they’ll = they will, shall
we’ll = we will, shall I’ve = I have
you’ve = you have we’ve = we have
we’d = we did, we would they’d = they did, would
I’d = I did, would he’d = he did, would
Note: In written text contractions are normally used when reporting what someone has said or direct speech. In more formal written text contractions are normally not used.

Apostrophes for Ownership
As a general rule, singular nouns indicating ownership have an apostrophe before the ‘s’ and plural nouns have an apostrophe after the ‘s’.
Apostrophes for Singular Nouns
Ownership of single nouns is shown by adding an ‘s’ to the end of the word with an apostrophe before it.
For example:-
the pig’s ears the horse’s legs
the truck’s tyres the girl’s wishes
Note: Nouns that end in ‘s’ or ‘ss’ follow the general rule for ownership for single nouns.
For example:-
the princess’s crown the actress’s agent
Apostrophes for Plural Nouns
Ownership of plural nouns is shown by adding an apostrophe to the ‘s’ at the end of the word.
For example:-
the pigs’ ears the horses’ legs
the trucks’ tyres the girls’ wishes
Note: Nouns that form irregular plurals indicate ownership by adding an ‘s’ to the end of the
word with an apostrophe before it.
For example:-
the children’s toys the women’s ideas

 Worksheet 1.
Select and write the two words in each group that should
begin with a capital letter.

1. cabin, chris, july, carpet ……………. …………….
2. table, spoon, amy, london ……………. …………….
3. zambia, toy, december, truck ……………. …………….
4. flower, wednesday, coin, tracey ……………. …………….
5. issac, plane, bird, germany ……………. …………….
6. cross, malaysia, september, crayon ……………. …………….
7. friday, saucer, banana, brisbane ……………. …………….
8. plate, sarah, perth, tree ……………. …………….
9. melbourne, train, darren, horse ……………. …………….
10. elbow, sunday, rocket, india ……………. …………….
11. darwin, computer, february, shrub ……………. …………….
12. brazil, arm, plant, tuesday ……………. …………….

Worksheet 2.
Select and write the two words in each group that should
begin with a capital letter.

1. sunday, steven, helicopter, bowl ……………. …………….
2. peach, hobart, opal, brett ……………. …………….
3. monday, cow, skirt, geelong ……………. …………….
4. rodney, mountain, belgium, trip ……………. …………….
5. valley, lucy, october, plum ……………. …………….
6. pacific, diamond, metal, wayne ……………. …………….
7. ben, thursday, trousers, grape ……………. …………….
8. zinc, david, peru, wine ……………. …………….
9. river, michael, pencil, ireland ……………. …………….
10. anthony, ruler, scarf, april ……………. …………….
11. tulip, football, michelle, japan ……………. …………….
12. january, shark, stephen, potato ……………. …………….

 Worksheet 3.
Rewrite the following sentences adding capital letters
where required

1. pete and warren went skiing at mount buller.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
2. both christine and ben have birthdays in april.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
3. the capital city of tasmania is hobart.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
4. i saw lisa and jennifer in high street.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
5. our family gets together for easter and christmas.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
6. the world’s highest mountain is mount everest.
………………………………………………...……….……………………

 Worksheet 4.

Rewrite the following sentences adding capital letters
where required

1. our new teacher is mr. david lynch.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
2. the capital of new zealand is wellington.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
3. anzac day is a special day in australia.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
4. my friends, leesa and judy, live in adelaide.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
5. the murray river is australia’s longest river.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
6. the large department store is in bourke street.
………………………………………………...……….……………………

Worksheet 5.
Rewrite the following sentences adding capital letters
where required

1. the tasman sea is between australia and new zealand.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
2. bradley and robert are holidaying in alice springs.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
3. pitt street is a main street in sydney.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
4. kangaroo island is in south australia.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
5. wollongong is a city in new south wales.
………………………………………………...……….……………………………….
6. cape horn is on the southern tip of south america.
………………………………………………...……….……………………

 Worksheet 6.
Decide whether the following sentences should end in a full stop,
a question mark or an exclamation mark.

1. When is Michael coming to stay
2. We are going to the movies on Saturday night
3. Are you going on the bus
4. What an amazing sight
5. Our teacher’s name is Mrs. Thomas
6. Too many sweets can cause tooth decay
7. Hurry, it’s urgent
8. Do you know how much the tickets cost
9. The disks are on the top shelf
10. It’s not fair

Worksheet 7.
Decide whether the following sentences should end in a full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark.

1. They live in the white house on the corner
2. Has the gardener arrived yet
3. Run for your life
4. July is the seventh month of the year
5. What do you think you’ll do when you leave school
6. Good luck to you
7. Our class are going on an excursion tomorrow
8. What a beautiful baby
9. The cat had twelve kittens
10. Where did you buy that shirt

Worksheet 8.
Each line contains two sentences. Rewrite the two sentences and punctuate each correctly. Remember capital letters, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks.
e.g. i am searching for the scissors have you seen them
I am searching for the scissors. Have you seen them?

1. who won the last race i missed it
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. you’re so clever how did you come up with that idea
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. what is the exact time peter said it was about ten o’clock
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. i am looking for our dog have you seen it anywhere
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. i see you won first prize in the painting competition well done
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

 Worksheet 9.
Each line contains two sentences. Rewrite the two sentences and punctuate each correctly. Remember capital letters, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks.
e.g. i am searching for the scissors have you seen them
I am searching for the scissors. Have you seen them?

1. i have to mow the lawns and rake the leaves will you help me
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. what colour is the book cover i think it is blue
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. how foolish you are where did you leave it
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. where is the best ski run is it over on the next slope
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. steve has a brand new skateboard have you seen it yet
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

 Worksheet 10.
Rewrite the following sentences adding commas where required.

1. The last four months of the year are September October November
and December. ……..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. Cows pigs sheep and goats are all farm animals.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. My favourite sports are football tennis squash and baseball.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. Prawns oysters scallops crabs and clams are all shellfish.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. My best friends are Ben Shane Tony and David.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. Lima Tokyo Paris Washington and Canberra are all capital cities.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 11.
Rewrite the following sentences adding commas where required.

1. We have seen a hawk an eagle an owl and a parrot in the last day.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. Thailand India Vietnam and Sri Lanka are Asian countries.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. The first four months are January February March and April.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. My favourite vegetables are peas beans carrots and parsnips.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. Her best friends are Paige Ellie Lucy and Melanie.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. The cake was made from flour eggs milk butter and sugar.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 12.
Rewrite the following sentences adding commas where required.

1. The net contained a shark a skate a swordfish and a lot of mullet.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. We watched an ibis a flamingo and a pelican at the lake.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. I like to read novels short stories magazines or newspapers.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. The toolbox contained a saw a drill a hammer and nails.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. Mangoes pineapples pawpaws and lichees are tropical fruit.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. The car dealer sold Fords Mazdas Toyotas and Volvos.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 13.
Rewrite the following sentences adding commas where required.

1. Our cat Fluffy sleeps on the end of the bed.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. The principal Mrs. Taylor spoke to the whole school.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. The next day Wednesday was the day we had waited for.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. Listen Brian you are not being very fair to others in the group.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. The leading yacht Blue Moon had established a huge lead.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. My best friend Damon could be moving to the mainland.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

 Worksheet 14.
Rewrite the following sentences adding commas where required.

1. My favourite football team Hawthorn is the greatest team of all.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. The last town Devonport had an excellent caravan park.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. Our new teacher Mr.Rollins has taught at the school previously.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. Their dog Benny is not as fierce as it looks.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. Your friend Samantha is a powerful swimmer.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. The movie Jaws was very popular at the box office.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 15.
Rewrite the following sentences adding commas where required.

1. The new library which opened earlier in the year was very busy.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. France which is a beautiful country produces a lot of wine.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. The plant nursery which only opened last year has already closed.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. Jessica my youngest sister is a very good singer.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. My dad who is about forty runs in the race every year.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. The champion skier because of a torn muscle withdrew from the
downhill event. ………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

 Worksheet 16.
Rewrite the following sentences adding commas where required.

1. Richard my cousin is five years older than me.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. Bianca the class captain is popular with everyone.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. Canberra which is Australia’s capital city can be cold in winter.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. Penguin a little town in Tasmania is very popular with tourists.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. The horse which belongs to my friend is kept in our back paddock.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. Ben who is fond of the water was the first to dive in.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

 Worksheet 17.
Rewrite the following sentences adding commas where required.

1. The Davidsons who live next door are our best friends.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. The van which was badly damaged was towed away.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. The volcano which had been dormant for years erupted.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. The tug boat that was involved in the rescue has arrived in port.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. The bird that had the broken wing is now ready to fly.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. Last Christmas the one when we stayed home was the best ever.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 18.
Rewrite the following sentences adding a comma to make each sentence make more sense.

1. Soon after eating David decided to go to bed.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. After we finished washing the television was turned on.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. After eating our dog likes to lie in front of the fire.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. When we cooked the man at the next barbecue complained about
the smoke. …..…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. As Bradley was drilling his arm became stiff.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. Looking round Mr. Thompson noticed his car had been hit.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 19.
Rewrite the following sentences adding speech marks
where required.

1. I have never seen this before, whispered Zoe.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. Ryan asked, Do you have room for another passenger?
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. What time do you think they will arrive? queried Luke.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. How come the washing machine won’t work? inquired Mum.
……………..…..…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. What incredible luck! screeched Leah.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. You all should have known better, said the teacher.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 20.
Rewrite the following sentences adding speech marks
where required.

1. Get a move on, or you’ll be late! yelled Dad.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. Jane screeched, Leave me alone, you are a nuisance!
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. Has it stopped snowing yet? asked the bus driver.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. Joseph asked, Can I come next time?
……………..…..…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. Why do I always have to go last? complained Jessica.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. That shirt looks outrageous! screamed Paula.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 21.
Rewrite the following sentences adding speech marks
where required.

1. Keep trying, shouted the captain, the game is not over yet.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. Please don’t ring again, pleaded Holly. I am too busy.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. Help me! cried Jarrod. I can’t swim any further.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. Stay there, demanded the tour guide. I will return soon.
……………..…..…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. How long before the next stop? inquired Sam. Is it far?
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. What time does the bus leave? asked Tom. I need to know.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 22.
Rewrite the following sentences adding speech marks
where required.

1. Do you want a sweet? I said. I have plenty.
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. Have you seen my coat? inquired Aaron. I have looked
everywhere. ……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. My age, said the elderly lady, is none of your business.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. That’s enough noise for now, insisted Mr. Thomas. Be quiet!
……………..…..…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. Turn off the light, said Mum, we are going out.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. Watch out! yelled the firefighter. That could fall.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 23.
These are examples of some commonly used contractions.
I’m = I am don’t = do not she’s = she is
we’re = we are they’ve = they have you’ll = you will

Write the contractions made from the two words below.

1. where + is = …………………………
2. do + not = …………………………
3. we + had = …………………………
4. could + have = …………………………
5. you + are = …………………………
6. should + have = …………………………
7. has + not = …………………………
8. they + have = …………………………
9. he + will = …………………………
10. there + is = …………………………
11. would + not = …………………………
12. let + us = …………………………

Worksheet 24.
These are examples of some commonly used contractions.
I’m = I am don’t = do not she’s = she is
we’re = we are they’ve = they have you’ll = you will

Write the contractions made from the two words below.

1. they + had = …………………………
2. I + am = …………………………
3. are + not = …………………………
4. would + have = …………………………
5. there + will = …………………………
6. is + not = …………………………
7. was + not = …………………………
8. you + have = …………………………
9. what + is = …………………………
10. should + not = …………………………
11. could + not = …………………………
12. they + would = …………………………

 Worksheet 25.
Write the two words that make up each contraction.

1. ……..…… + ………….. = they’re
2. ……..…… + ………….. = I’ll
3. ……..…… + ………….. = should’ve
4. ……..…… + ………….. = it’s
5. ……..…… + ………….. = we’re
6. ……..…… + ………….. = haven’t
7. ……..…… + ………….. = they’d
8. ……..…… + ………….. = aren’t
9. ……..…… + ………….. = let’s
10. ……..…… + ………….. = isn’t
11. ……..…… + ………….. = you’ll
12. ……..…… + ………….. = he’s

Worksheet 26.
Write the two words that make up each contraction.

1. ……..…… + ………….. = wasn’t
2. ……..…… + ………….. = didn’t
3. ……..…… + ………….. = we’d
4. ……..…… + ………….. = he’ll
5. ……..…… + ………….. = you’d
6. ……..…… + ………….. = weren’t
7. ……..…… + ………….. = we’ve
8. ……..…… + ………….. = where’s
9. ……..…… + ………….. = you’ve
10. ……..…… + ………….. = wouldn’t
11. ……..…… + ………….. = they’ll
12. ……..…… + ………….. = he’d

Worksheet 27.
Choose the best contraction to complete each sentence below.
should’ve you’re I’m isn’t it’s she’ll wouldn’t who’s

1. ………..……… lucky you have a spare set of keys.
2. I ……..………… asked her again.
3. ………..……… going to finish this by myself.
4. …………..……freezing at this time of the year.
5. …………..…… responsible for all this mess?
6. You ………..……… asked for more money.
7. Georgia is sure …………..…… perform better next time.
8. It ……..………… fair that they get to choose again.

 Worksheet 28.
Choose the best contraction to complete each sentence below.
what’ll aren’t where’s she’ll you’ll wouldn’t I’ll wasn’t

1. He ………..……… know if a shark bit him.
2. ……..………… the back door key?
3. Her answers ………..……… always right.
4. Bethany is convinced …………..……win next time.
5. …………..…… regret your poor choice later on.
6. It ………..……… the right time to discuss her behaviour.
7. …………..…… happen when the teacher sees this.
8. ……..………… finish it later myself.

Worksheet 29.
Rewrite the following sentences replacing the underlined words with a contraction.

1. They are not going to the disco, however I am going.
…………………………………………………….…………………...
2. We have tried everything but it will not start.
…………………………………………………….…………………...
3. I would have phoned if I had known.
…………………………………………………….…………………...
4. We are leaving soon so you had better get ready.
……………………………………………….………………………...
5. I will wait and help as long as you will give me a lift home.
………………………………………….……………………………...
6. I have checked but you are not on the list.
…………………………………………………….…………………...

Worksheet 30.
Rewrite the following sentences replacing the selected words
with a contraction.

1. We need not worry as it will not start on time.
…………………………………………………….…………………...
2. They had climbed it before and they will climb it in the future.
…………………………………………………….…………………...
3. They would like to know if you are interested.
…………………………………………………….…………………...
4. That will be satisfactory if it is as you say.
……………………………………………….………………………...
5. We are willing to help if it is for a good cause.
………………………………………….……………………………...
6. Alex is happy to go if it is not raining.
…………………………………………………….…………………...

Worksheet 31.
Write the word with the apostrophe in the correct place.

1. the tusks of the elephants = the ……………….. tusks
2. the branches of the tree = the ……………….. branches
3. the toys of the babies = the ……………….. toys
4. the bow of the ship = the ……………….. bow
5. the wheel of the skateboard = the ……………….. wheel
6. the hopes of the girls = the ……………….. hopes
7. the tail of the dog = the ……………….. tail
8. the rays of the sun = the ……………….. rays
9. the hideout of the thieves = the ……………….. hideout
10. the socks of the boy = the ……………….. socks
11. the flags of the countries = the ……………….. flags
12. the whiskers of the cat = the ……………….. whiskers

Worksheet 32.
 (Apostrophes - Possession)
An apostrophe is used to show a person or thing owns something. In general, single nouns add an apostrophe before an “s”
e.g. the car belonging to the man = the man’s car
the paw of the dog = the dog’s paw
In general, plural nouns add an apostrophe after an “s”
e.g. the cars of the teachers = the teachers’ cars
the ears of the cows = the cows’ ears

Write the word with the apostrophe in the correct place.

1. the health of our family = our ……………….. health
2. the stairs of the building = the ……………….. stairs
3. the wishes of the teachers = the ……………….. wishes
4. moons of Jupiter = ………………..….. moons
5. the problems of life = ……………..…….. problems
6. the parents of our friends = our ……………….. parents
7. the boot of the car = the ……………….. boot
8. the siren of the police car = the ……………….. siren
9. the office of the boss = the ……………….. office
10. the claws of the cat = the ……………….. claws
11. the horns of the goats = the ……………….. horns
12. the books of the students = the ……………….. books

 Worksheet 33.
An apostrophe is used to show a person or thing owns something.
In general, plural nouns add an apostrophe after an “s”
e.g. the cars of the teachers = the teachers’ cars
the ears of the cows = the cows’ ears
For irregular plural nouns add an apostrophe before an “s”
e.g. the cavities of the teeth = the teeth’s cavities
the cries of the children = the children’s cries

Write the word with the apostrophe in the correct place.

1. the backs of the sheep = the ……………….. backs
2. the dresses of the girls = the ……………….. dresses
3. the beaks of the geese = the ……………….. beaks
4. the meeting of the women = the ………..…..….. meeting
5. the sides of the boxes = the …...…………... sides
6. the yokes of the oxen = the ……………….. yokes
7. the feathers of the birds = the ……………….. feathers
8. the holes of the mice = the ……………….. holes
9. the covers of the books = the ……………….. covers
10. the bags of the children = the ……………….. bags
11. the room of the men = the ……………….. room
12. the tails of the foxes = the ……………….. tails

Worksheet 34.
Choose the best word to complete each sentence below.
eagles’ principal’s children’s book’s referee’s horses’ bike’s city’s

1. The ………..……… tyres were flat.
2. The ……..………… foals were in the same paddock.
3. The ………..……… whistle fell in the mud.
4. My parents met my teacher in the …………..……office.
5. The …………..…… lights could be seen for kilometres.
6. The ………..……… nest was high on the cliff face.
7. The …………..…… playground had two new swings.
8. The ……..………… cover was in bad condition.

Worksheet 35.
Rewrite the following sentences adding capital letters, full stops, question marks or exclamation marks where required.

1. which mountain is the highest mountain in australia
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. my grandparents live in south frankston in victoria
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. i will be away on a fishing trip next friday and saturday
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. what an amazing story
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. my best friends are bree and jessica
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. are you going to new south wales for your holidays
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 36.
Rewrite the following sentences adding capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks or commas where required.

1. geelong ballarat warrnambool and bendigo are all victorian cities
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. the basket contained plums pears apples and peaches
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. which is the largest planet of neptune pluto saturn and mars
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. jack neil cameron and ryan are all in my class
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. there are thirty days in april june september and november
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. why are leah amy and bethany always late
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 37.
Rewrite the following sentences adding capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks or commas where required.

1. sydney which is a beautiful city hosted the 2000 olympic games
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. our principal miss davis is popular with all the students
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. the boat which was owned by our neighbours was in good
condition ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. my brother patrick goes to parkdale secondary high school
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. robert the most experienced climber was the first to attempt the
climb …………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. the supermarket which opened recently was doing a roaring trade
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 38.
Rewrite the following sentences adding capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, apostrophes or speech marks where required.

1. can anyone else see venus asked stephanie
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. my favourite colours are blue yellow and red stated phillip
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. aaron asked do you want to come surfing with us
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. kristy turned and whispered i have forgotten my homework
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. i will finish reading the novel before christmas said allan
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. where can I buy a sandwich and a cup of coffee inquired the
tourist ….………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

 Worksheet 39.
Rewrite the following sentences adding capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, apostrophes or speech marks where required.

1. i like watching adventure movies said erin do you
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. that is enough time said miss thomas put your pencils down
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. look out yelled rose here comes a car
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. our dog blinky is lost said william will you help me look for him
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. where is my jumper said lucy I have looked everywhere
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. ouch yelled melanie that is my sore arm
…………….………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Worksheet 40.
Rewrite the following sentences adding capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, apostrophes or speech marks where required.

1. the tea coffee and sugar are here said sophie but wheres the milk
…………………..…..……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. no i cant come answered declan i have to do my homework
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
3. hurry up and get ready shouted trent or youll miss the bus
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. yes ill help replied amber if youve another pair of gloves
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
5. im not feeling very well said jane you better go on by yourself
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
6. where do you feel the pain inquired the doctor does this hurt
………...….………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………